To read full books, browse through these growing selections of books on Italian academies: whole books from The Warburg Institute, Yale's Beinecke Library, Columbia University Libraries, the Museo Galileo, and from the Academies.

To review a lively variety of emblems of the Italian academies, derived from an 18th-century manuscript held by the Casanatense library in Rome, see this searchable visual database.

To explore an alphabetical inventory of all Italian academies in recent centuries, see our listings by academy name, location, and academy motto.

To read Michele Maylender's history of Italian Academies in five fundamental volumes, ride this link to Maylender's Storia delle accademie d'Italia (1926-30).

To learn about pertinent volumes held in the British Library, search this database of titles (but no interior text): it carries details on volumes originally published by academies in Bologna, Naples, Padua, and Siena, 1530-1700.

The Institut de France comprises five French academies. Annotated links to other academies, learned societies, and institutes will be added in due course.

The Royal Societies' historical archive lists British academies. Annotated links to other academies, learned societies, and institutes will be added in due course.

Spain had a tradition of literary academies established in the "Golden Age," the 16th and 17th centuries —well over 30 are documented— and eight Royal academies were founded later by the Bourbons. Click to view Spanish academies.